With their round faces, big eyes, and squishy expressions, flat-faced cats—known as brachycephalic breeds—have stolen the hearts of cat lovers around the globe. These feline charmers exude personality and photogenic appeal, making them Instagram darlings and household favorites. But behind their adorably smushed faces lies a complicated web of health concerns that every prospective cat parent should understand.
Brachycephalic breeds are genetically predisposed to a range of medical issues due to their shortened skull structure. Breathing problems, dental misalignment, and tear duct complications are just a few of the challenges these cats may face throughout their lives. While their affectionate nature and calm temperament can make them ideal indoor companions, their care often requires extra attention and routine veterinary support.
This article explores 12 of the most beloved flat-faced cat breeds, spotlighting what makes each one unique—and what health considerations come with their cuddly appearances. Whether you’re enchanted by their teddy bear-like features or considering bringing one into your home, understanding the beauty and the burden of these breeds is essential. Let’s take a closer look at the captivating, complex world of brachycephalic cats.
1. Persian
Regal, graceful, and undeniably glamorous, the Persian cat is perhaps the most iconic of all flat-faced feline breeds. With their luxurious, flowing coats and large, expressive eyes, they’ve become a staple in cat shows and elegant households alike. However, their extreme brachycephalic features often lead to breathing difficulties, chronic eye drainage, and dental misalignment. Grooming is also a major commitment, as their long fur tangles easily and requires daily brushing. Despite the maintenance, Persian cats are known for their gentle, laid-back personalities and quiet demeanor. They thrive in calm environments and form strong bonds with their humans. For those willing to meet their special needs, Persians offer unparalleled affection and beauty.
2. Exotic Shorthair
Often described as the short-haired cousin of the Persian, the Exotic Shorthair offers the same adorable flat face with less grooming hassle. Their plush, teddy bear-like coats require less maintenance, making them more accessible for those with busy lifestyles. Still, they inherit many of the same health concerns, including breathing issues and excessive tear production. These cats are famously affectionate and love to snuggle, yet they maintain a playful, kitten-like energy well into adulthood. They’re also known for being curious and social, making them great for families or single owners alike. Regular vet visits are essential to monitor their respiratory health. If you’re looking for a cuddly companion with a sweet disposition, the Exotic Shorthair is hard to beat.
3. Himalayan
Blending the elegant coat of a Persian with the striking color points of a Siamese, the Himalayan cat is a visual masterpiece. Their flattened faces make them prone to the same health issues as Persians, including breathing problems and tear staining. Despite their delicate appearance, Himalayans are incredibly affectionate and loyal to their humans. They enjoy lounging in laps and following their favorite people from room to room. Grooming can be time-consuming due to their thick, double-layered fur that matts easily without daily care. They’re typically quieter than Siamese cats but just as devoted. A well-cared-for Himalayan will reward you with years of companionship and beauty.
4. British Shorthair
While not as dramatically flat-faced as some breeds, the British Shorthair still possesses a subtly rounded face and large, round eyes that give them a permanently plush, wide-eyed look. Known for their dense, crisp coats and sturdy bodies, they have an old-world charm that’s hard to resist. Though generally healthy, their facial structure can still contribute to mild brachycephalic traits such as snoring and eye discharge. British Shorthairs are famously independent yet affectionate on their terms, preferring quiet companionship over clinginess. They’re excellent with children and other pets due to their calm, unflappable demeanor. These cats adapt well to indoor life and don’t demand constant attention. If you want a low-maintenance breed with a classic teddy bear look, this might be your perfect match.
5. Scottish Fold
Recognizable by their uniquely folded ears and round faces, Scottish Folds are endearing both in appearance and personality. Their flattened facial structure, while moderate, still contributes to potential respiratory or dental issues. These cats are deeply loyal and often bond closely with one family member, following them around like a shadow. They’re playful without being hyper, making them suitable for families or quieter homes alike. Unfortunately, the gene that causes their folded ears is linked to a painful cartilage disorder, which is a major ethical concern in breeding. Regular checkups are crucial to monitor joint and bone health. Despite the risks, Scottish Folds are beloved for their mellow temperament and sweet disposition.
6. Selkirk Rex
With their curly fur and full cheeks, Selkirk Rex cats have a distinctive look that sets them apart in the brachycephalic category. While their faces are not as extremely flat as Persians, they do share some respiratory and eye health concerns due to their rounded skull shape. These cats are affectionate, patient, and love to be cuddled, often tolerating being held more than other breeds. Their curly coats, which come in both short and long varieties, require regular grooming to prevent matting. Selkirk Rexes are known for their laid-back personalities and adapt well to multi-pet households. Their unique look often draws attention, but it’s their charming, people-oriented nature that wins hearts. Proper care ensures they live long, healthy lives full of purring contentment.
7. Burmilla
The Burmilla is a graceful and rare breed that combines the Burmese’s soft round features with the Chinchilla Persian’s shimmering coat. While they aren’t as extreme in facial flatness, their shortened muzzle can still bring about mild brachycephalic symptoms like tear staining. Burmillas are affectionate, social cats who enjoy human companionship but aren’t overly demanding. They’re curious and intelligent, often investigating new spaces and interacting with toys or puzzles. Their short to medium coat is relatively low-maintenance, needing only occasional brushing. These cats have a soft voice and gentle demeanor, making them ideal for peaceful homes. If you’re looking for a cat that’s both elegant and emotionally in tune, the Burmilla offers the best of both worlds.
8. Napoleon (Minuet)
The Napoleon, also known as the Minuet, is a hybrid breed that combines the short legs of a Munchkin with the rounded face of a Persian. This combination results in a compact, doll-like appearance that many find irresistibly cute. However, their short snouts and small airways often make breathing more difficult, especially during exercise or in hot climates. They are sweet-tempered and sociable, enjoying both lap time and play sessions. Their coats can be long or short, depending on lineage, and require regular grooming to stay healthy. Due to their unique build, joint health should be monitored, particularly in their stubby legs. Napoleons make delightful companions but thrive best in homes that understand their special care needs.
9. Munchkin Persian Mixes
These cats are adventurous and friendly, often finding unique ways to explore their surroundings. Their flat faces, however, can lead to breathing difficulties, necessitating attentive care. Regular grooming is also important to maintain their beautiful fur. These mixes thrive in environments where they can express their curiosity and receive plenty of affection from their human companions. Their delightful combination of traits makes them intriguing pets.
10. Teacup Persian
This miniaturized version of the standard Persian breed is bred to remain kitten-sized throughout life. Their flat faces and delicate frames make them especially vulnerable to a range of health issues, including breathing difficulties, fragile bones, and organ problems due to their small size. Many also struggle with mobility or poor immune function. They are gentle, sweet-tempered cats who adore being pampered and thrive in quiet, low-stress environments. Grooming remains intensive due to their long fur and tear-prone eyes. These cats often need frequent veterinary monitoring to ensure they remain healthy. While undeniably adorable, Teacup Persians require dedicated care and a watchful eye.
11. Modern Burmese
Modern Burmese cats are noted for their sleek, muscular build and striking eyes. They are affectionate and people-oriented, often shadowing their owners around the house. Their glossy coats come in a variety of colors, each adding to their exotic allure. While generally healthy, their flat faces can lead to respiratory issues, requiring attentive care. Burmese cats enjoy interactive play and thrive on companionship, making them ideal pets for families who can offer plenty of attention. Their engaging personalities and striking appearance make them standout members of any household.
12. Foldex (Scottish Fold + Exotic Shorthair mix)
A relatively new and rare breed that blends the Scottish Fold’s curled ears with the Exotic Shorthair’s flat face. The result is a plush, rounded cat with a teddy bear look and an affectionate nature. Their brachycephalic features often lead to eye and breathing issues, requiring vigilant care from a young age. Foldex cats are playful and loving, usually getting along well with other pets and children. Their coats are thick and soft, needing regular grooming to prevent shedding and matting. As with all folded-ear breeds, ethical breeding practices are vital to avoid painful genetic conditions. Despite their novelty, Foldex cats are slowly gaining fans for their sweet personalities and snuggly charm.